Fire Door Not Closing Properly: Causes, Fixes & Compliance Guide

1. Introduction

A fire door that doesn’t close properly isn’t just inconvenient; it’s a serious safety and compliance risk. Whether it’s sticking, failing to latch, or swinging open, faulty fire doors can compromise lives and businesses. This guide explains why it happens, how to fix it, and how to stay compliant.

2. What Is a Fire Door and Why It's Function Matters

Fire doors are a critical part of a building’s passive fire protection system. Unlike fire alarms or sprinklers, which actively respond to danger, fire doors are designed to contain fire and smoke, protecting escape routes and limiting structural damage.

For a fire door to do its job, it must:

●       Close fully and securely to create an effective barrier

●       Latch correctly so smoke and flames can’t seep through gaps

●       Work automatically via door closers without manual intervention

When a fire door won’t close or seal properly, it loses its ability to protect lives, property, and business continuity. Even a small misalignment or damaged seal can allow smoke to spread rapidly, making evacuation difficult.

A fully operational fire door isn’t optional; it’s a legal requirement under UK fire safety regulations. Businesses are responsible for ensuring every fire door in their premises meets these standards, is regularly inspected, and remains in good working order.

3. Common Reasons a Fire Door Isn’t Closing Properly

3.1 Misaligned Hinges or Door Frame

Over time, heavy usage, poor installation, or building movement can cause hinges to loosen or the door frame to shift. Even a few millimetres of misalignment can prevent the door from closing fully or latching securely.

3.2 Worn or Damaged Door Closers

The door closer ensures fire doors shut automatically after opening. If it’s faulty, leaking oil, or incorrectly adjusted, the door may slam, stay ajar, or fail to latch. This is one of the most common causes of compliance issues.

3.3 Obstructions or Debris in the Frame

Dust, paint build-up, or small objects wedged into the frame can stop the door from shutting completely. Regular cleaning and maintenance help avoid this simple but dangerous problem.

3.4 Swollen or Warped Door Due to Moisture

In areas prone to high humidity, moisture can cause fire doors — especially timber-core ones — to swell, warp, or bow. A distorted shape affects the alignment and can leave dangerous gaps where smoke and fire can pass through.

3.5 Incorrect Installation or Poor Maintenance

Improperly installed doors often fail to meet BS 9999 compliance standards. Without regular inspections and maintenance, minor defects escalate into major failures, leaving your building exposed to safety and legal risks.

4. Why a Faulty Fire Door Puts Your Business at Risk

4.1 Non-Compliance with UK Fire Safety Laws

Under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, employers and building owners are legally required to maintain fire doors to a safe standard. Failure to comply can lead to enforcement notices and legal penalties.

4.2 Increased Liability and Insurance Risks

If a fire door fails during an emergency, insurance claims may be rejected if you haven’t followed proper maintenance schedules. This exposes your business to unexpected costs and liability claims.

4.3 Reduced Occupant Safety in Emergencies

Faulty doors reduce evacuation times and allow fire and smoke to spread unchecked, putting lives at risk. Every second counts, and properly closing doors buy valuable time for escape.

4.4 Potential Fines and Business Disruption

Failing to maintain compliant fire doors can result in fines of up to £5,000 per door and, in severe cases, prosecution. Operational disruption and reputational damage can cost far more than preventative maintenance.

5. How to Check If Your Fire Door Is Closing Correctly

5.1 Perform a Basic Visual Inspection

Check for obvious defects: misaligned hinges, cracked frames, worn seals, or signs of swelling. Make sure the door fits snugly in its frame without dragging or sticking.

5.2 Conduct a “Push Test” to Check Closing Force

Open the door halfway and let it close naturally. A compliant fire door should shut smoothly, latch securely, and not bounce back open.

5.3 Inspect Intumescent Seals and Hinges

Ensure intumescent strips are intact and hinges are tight. Damaged or missing seals compromise smoke containment and must be replaced immediately.

5.4 Check the Door Closer Mechanism

Examine for leaks, unusual resistance, or irregular speed. If the closer isn’t operating consistently, it needs adjustment or replacement.

5.5 Record Findings for Compliance Logs

Always document inspection results in your fire door maintenance log for legal compliance and audit readiness.

6. How to Fix a Fire Door That Won’t Close

6.1 Tightening Hinges and Realigning Frames

Loose hinges can often be fixed with basic adjustments, but ensure you don’t compromise fire integrity when realigning.

6.2 Replacing or Adjusting Door Closers

Install a certified closer tested to BS EN 1154 standards. Adjust tension carefully for smooth automatic closure.

6.3 Removing Obstructions and Cleaning Frames

Regularly clean debris, paint drips, and seal damage to maintain proper closure.

6.4 Addressing Warping or Moisture Damage

If swelling or warping is beyond repair, you may need a complete fire door installation to ensure compliance.

6.5 Calling Certified Fire Door Specialists

For complex issues, engage fire door remedials experts to guarantee compliance and safety.

7. Preventative Maintenance to Avoid Future Problems

7.1 Schedule Regular Fire Door Inspections

Book certified fire door inspections at least every six months to remain compliant.

7.2 Maintain a Fire Door Maintenance Log

Keep detailed records of inspections, repairs, and adjustments to demonstrate legal compliance.

7.3 Train Staff to Spot Issues Early

Educate your team to report gaps, sticking doors, or faulty closers immediately.

7.4 Partner with a BM Trada-Certified Provider

Work with a BM Trada certified specialist for trusted, auditable compliance.

8. UK Fire Safety Regulations You Must Know

8.1 Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005

Mandates a responsible person to ensure all fire doors are safe, functional, and inspected regularly.

8.2 BS 9999: Code of Practice

Provides technical standards for compliant fire door performance and installation.

8.3 BS EN 1634: Fire Resistance Testing

Specifies how fire doors must be tested to ensure proven performance in real fire conditions.

8.4 Building Regulations 2010 Requirements

Defines where fire doors are required in commercial and residential buildings.

9. When to Seek Professional Help

If repeated adjustments don’t resolve the issue, contact certified specialists immediately. Proper repairs preserve compliance, safety, and insurance protection.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How often should fire doors be inspected in the UK? Every six months, minimum — more frequently in high-traffic areas.

2. Can I adjust a fire door closer myself? Only minor adjustments; always follow manufacturer guidelines.

3. What’s the maximum gap allowed around a fire door? Generally 3mm around edges and 10mm at the threshold.

4. Are business owners legally responsible for fire door compliance? Yes. Failure to comply can lead to fines and prosecution.

5. How do I know if my fire door needs replacing? Warping, swelling, or persistent closing issues often require replacement.

6. Do all commercial properties need fire doors? Yes, where specified by building regulations and fire risk assessments.

7. What certifications should I look for in a fire door contractor? Always choose BM Trada Q-Mark certified providers.

8. How long should a certified fire door last? Typically 10 years, with proper maintenance and inspections.